Aquinas Arguments for the Existence of God Essay

Aquinas Arguments for the Existence of God In Summa Theologica, Question 2, Article 3, Aquinas attempts to prove the existence of God. He begins with two objections, which will not be addressed here, and continues on to state five arguments for the existence of God. I intend to show that Aquinas first three arguments are unsound from a scientific standpoint, through support of the Big Bang theory of the creation of the universe. In the first and second arguments Aquinas begins by stating that some things change and that the changes to these things are caused by things other than themselves. He says that a thing can change only if it has a potentiality for being that into what it changes.†¦show more content†¦It is in the last premise that I encounter problems. According to the most prevalent Big Bang theory, the universe began from a singularity. Singularity is a point of zero space and infinite mass, density, and curvature. Because of these extraordinary circumstances within the singularity there is no time and all of the laws of physics as we know them cease to exist. Because this strange situation is exempt from the normal laws that govern the universe it is possible for this singularity to have exploded without cause. There is no time at the instant of singularity and all time and space began the instant after the explosion of the singularity, aptly named the Big Bang. This is the beginning o f the universe and the event that caused it is exempt from the normal laws that now cause the universe to function in the way it does. This exemption can explain away the beginning of Aquinas chain of events and changes, thus eliminating the necessity of a God. The argument that God caused the singularity and the Big Bang can also be explained away, although in somewhat more complicated terms. In the first second after the Big Bang nearly all of the laws of the universe, as well as the combinations and forms of matter were already formed and well on their way away from the center of the explosion. There are an infinite number of way that the particles inside the singularity couldShow MoreRelatedComparing Aquinas And Descartes Arguments For The Existence Of God766 Words   |  4 PagesAquinas and Descartes both have arguments for the existence of God, with some similarities and a multitude of differences. Descartes presents two major premises in his argument with his degrees of reality principle and his casual adequacy principle. It is possible for Descartes to be influenced by Aquinas, but the arguments for the same thing differ greatly that even if any inspiration Descartes could have pulled from Aquinas work is minimal, to say the lea st. Comparing Aquinas and Descartes theyRead MoreSir Thomas Aquinas And William Paley s Argument On The Existence Of God1176 Words   |  5 PagesThomas Aquinas and William Paley present two arguments for the existence of God. Aquinas defines God as omnibenevolent (all good) for his argument, and he continues in â€Å"The Five Ways† to present arguments to prove God’s existence (Rosen et al. 11). Paley, on the other hand, primarily defines God as a designer worthy of our admiration for his work (Rosen et al. 27). During class discussion, defining God involved three major qualities: omnipotence, omniscience, and omnibenevolence. Both Aquinas and PaleyRead MoreAquinas’ has five proofs for Gods existence. His first proof is an argument from motion. Nothing600 Words   |  3 PagesAquinas’ has five proofs for Gods existence. His first proof is an argument from motion. Nothing can move itself unless it was placed into motion. His second proof is an argument from efficient causes. We experience a series of efficient causes of things. I didn’t exist to my prior existence. Nothing before exists. Nothing can be caused by itself. The third proof is the argument from possibility and necessity. We find natural things that are possible to be and not to be. Things come in and out ofRead MoreExplain the Strengths and Weaknesses of Aquinas Cosmological Argument1203 Words   |  5 Pagesthe strengths and weaknesses of Aquinas’ cosmological arguments. The cosmological argument is an a posteriori argument based on the question of the relation of the universe’s existence and God’s existence. This argument focuses on the theory that if the universe exists then something must have caused it to existence, ie. A God or Creator. Supporters of this argument claim that to fully comprehend the existence of the universe, one must rely on a theory of a God however critics would say that dueRead More Existence of God Essay1571 Words   |  7 PagesIn the â€Å"Suma Theologica,† by Saint Thomas Aquinas, Aquinas combines the doctrines of Christianity with Aristotelian philosophy, through the assertion that as a result of observation, utilization of the senses, and an empirical mindset, one can substantiate the existence of God. Aquinas holds the conception that in the quest for God’s existence, philosophy and theology are interwoven together and both play complementary roles. He infuses numerous theological doctrine s, mainly from Saint AugustineRead MoreAnalysis Of The Five Ways By Thomas Aquinas1298 Words   |  6 PagesThomas Aquinas wrote, â€Å"The Five Ways† from Summa Theologica and is said to be the greatest theologian. In this reading, Aquinas gives his five arguments in regard to Gods existence and shows how philosophy and religion intertwine with one another. The Argument from change, causation, contingency, degrees of excellence, and harmony are all are Aquinas reasonings towards the proof of Gods existence. Aquinas first argument for God’s existence comes from the argument of change or motion. In this argumentRead MoreThe Existence Of God s Existence1339 Words   |  6 Pagesidea of God. The existence of God is one of the most sought out topic that is frequently inquired. Is there really a God or is God merely a concept humans created to explain the unexplainable? And if God does exist, what makes him different from the rest of us? A well-known philosopher, St. Thomas Aquinas, introduced five proofs including the Cosmological Arguments of God’s existence, as well as explained some divine qualities that are associated with God. The nature of God’s existence is oftenRead MoreThe Five Ways Of The Existence Of God1557 Words   |  7 PagesThomas Aquinas (1225-1274). We cannot prove that God exists, merely by considering the word God, for that strategy work, we would have to presume to know God s essence. According to Aquinas, the existence of God can be proved. This paper will discuss what each of the five ways are that Thomas Aquinas introduced to show the existence of God. The Argument from Change: To begin with, one way to prove that God exists is to contemplate the fact that natural things are in motion. According to Aquinas, a firstRead MoreThe Existence Of Saint Thomas Aquinas And Ren?ï ¿ ½ Descartes1460 Words   |  6 PagesGod’s existence has long been a topic of controversy, one that spans the course of many centuries and––because of its nature––will never be resolved. Two notable philosophers have attempted to prove God’s existence: Saint Thomas Aquinas and Renà © Descartes. Despite having been influenced by the former, Descartes’ arguments––while similar to Aquinas’––are reached through noticeably different methods. To analyze Aquinas’ proof for God’s existence, it is important to first analyze his definition ofRead MoreAn Examination Into The Respective Proofs Of St. Aquinas1288 Words   |  6 PagesAnselm and St. Aquinas During the Medieval Period, philosophers shifted their focus primarily to proving the existence of God, as well as other religious tenets. Two Saints of the Catholic Church, St. Anselm and St. Thomas Aquinas, developed their own respective proofs for the existence of God. These proofs have gained fame over the subsequent centuries and still face debate and comparison today. Although both St. Anselm and St. Thomas Aquinas offer proofs for the existence of God, the proofs differ

Stock Markets The Castle in the Air vs The Firm...

Market Theories Investments Seminar Table of Contents Introductionnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;3 Castle in the Air Theorynbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;3 Firm Foundation Theorynbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;3 Effects of the Marketnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;3 Market Theoriesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;5 The Tulip-Bulb Crazenbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;5 Today’s â€Å"Tulip-Bulb† Craze, the Dot-Com Crashnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;5 Conclusionnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;6 Introduction Castle in the Air Theory The Castle in the Air theory was introduced by John Maynard Keynes, an well known economist and successful investor of the 1930s. It was Keynes’ theory that the keys to investing came from supernatural or psychic means.†¦show more content†¦Firm Foundation Theory The firm-foundation theory speculated that each tool used for investment (stock, real estate, etc.) was directly related to intrinsic value. Intrinsic value could be determined by carefully analyzing present-day conditions and future speculations. It was determined that when market prices fell below or rose above this firm foundation a buying or selling opportunity would come about. Quite simply it became a matter of comparing the actual price with its â€Å"firm foundation† of value. As stated in our text, the classic developer of this technique came from John B. Williams, a mathematician and financial writer. Williams’ formula for determining the intrinsic value of stock was based on dividend income. He introduced the concept of â€Å"discounting† in order to determine this value. It was his belief, according to our text, that the intrinsic value of a stock was equal to the present or â€Å"discounted† value of all of its future dividends. In other words a stock’s value should be based on the earnings a firm will be able to distribute in the future in the form of dividends. At this point, future expectations have to be included which would of course entail more intricate calculations. The overall issue with the firm foundation theory, as pointed out in our text, is that it relies on difficult forecasting towards the extent and duration of future growth. Effects of the Market Overall all both of the above mentionedShow MoreRelatedBodie, Kane, Marcus Study Guide Essay40928 Words   |  164 Pagesinvestment types, the markets in which the securities trade and to investment companies. In this chapter the student is introduced to the general concept of investing, which is to forego consumption today so that future consumption can be preserved and hopefully increased in the future. Real assets are differentiated from financial assets, and the major categories of financial assets are defined. The risk/return tradeoff, the concept of efficient markets and current trends in the markets are introducedRead Morepaul hoang answers72561 Words   |  291 Pagesbetter known multinational companies with wellestablished customer networks. This presents a problem for a relatively small company such as Reload from entering overseas markets where such rivals exist. By locating in a different continent, Reload will need to establish itself with new suppliers who are reliable in providing the firm with fresh ingredients for its food and beverages. Legal systems are different in foreign countries so legal experts will need to be hired to ensure there is a smoothRead MoreDamodaran Book on Investment Valuation, 2nd Edition398423 Words   |  1594 PagesBasics of Risk Chapter 5: Option Pricing Theory and Models Chapter 6: Market Efficiency: Theory and Models Chapter 7: Riskless Rates and Risk Premiums Chapter 8: Estimating Risk Parameters and Costs of Financing Chapter 9: Measuring Earnings Chapter 10: From Earnings to Cash Flows Chapter 11: Estimating Growth Chapter 12: Closure in Valuation: Estimating Terminal Value Chapter 13: Dividend Discount Models Chapter 14: Free Cashflow to Equity Models Chapter 15: Firm Valuation: Cost of Capital and APV Approaches Read MoreSAT Top 30 Essay Evidence18536 Words   |  75 Pages................ 53 Traveling Abroad ...................................................................................................................................... 55 Scientists and Mathematicians: Charles Darwin (and his revolutionary Theory of Natural Selection) ...................................................... 57 Jane Goodall (She lived with wild chimpanzees!) .................................................................................... 59 Marie Curie (Famous female scientist)Read MoreComparative Study of Quality of Work Life Management in Tcs Ibm: a Case Study Analysis14194 Words   |  57 Pagesbenefits, job security, alternative work schedules,  occupational stress, participation and democracy in the workplace Pay: QWL must be built around an equitable pay programs.so that in future more workers may want to participate in the profits of the firm. Benefits: Since workers are now better organized, educated and vociferous, they demand more from the employers all over the world-apart from the pay-in the form of social security and welfare benefits as matter of right which were once consideredRead MoreTeaching Notes Robert Grant - Strategy 4th Edition51665 Words   |  207 PagesIndustry Evolution Chap. 11. Technology-based Industries and the Management of Innovation Chap. 11. Technology-based Industries and the Management of Innovation Chap. 12. Competition in Mature Industry Chap. 13 Vertical Integration and the Scope of the Firm Chap. 14. Global Strategies and the Multinational Corporation Chap. 15. Diversiï ¬ cation strategy Chap. 16. Managing the Multibusiness Corporation Chap. 17. Current Trends in Strategic Management 9. 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The case studies which follow allow the reader to extend this linking of theory and practice furth er by analysing the strategic issues of speciï ¬ c organisations in much greater depth – and often providing ‘solutions’ to some of the problems or difï ¬ culties identiï ¬ ed in the case. There are also over 33 classic cases on the CompanionRead MoreOfw Remittances- an Economic Booster10937 Words   |  44 Pagesseverity of economic recessions by enabling the labor market to adjust more quickly in a downturn, and reduce the risk that a liquidity trap prevents monetary policy from stabilizing the economy. The task of keeping the rate of inflation low and stable is usually given to monetary authorities. Generally, these monetary authorities are the central banks that control the size of the money supply through the setting of interest rates, through open market operations, and through the setting of banking reserveRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesBehind Geographic Technologies 230 231 Issues for Information Systems Organizations 232 Executive Information Systems/Business Intelligence Systems 234 Knowledge Management Systems 237 Two Recent KMS Initiatives within a Pharmaceutical Firm KMS Success 240 Artificial Intelligence 241 Expert Systems 241 Obtaining an Expert System 242 Examples of Expert Systems 242 Neural Networks 244 Virtual Reality 245 Review Questions 250 †¢ Discussion Questions 250 †¢ Bibliography 251

Microscopes and Microscopy Free Essays

Microscopes and Microscopy Introduction The purpose for including a lab on microscopy in his course is because it is a very important tool in making detailed observations. This lab helps the average person realize that there is much more to things than what you see with the naked eye. In the field of human biology microscopes are very important for many reasons. We will write a custom essay sample on Microscopes and Microscopy or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the late 1500’s a scientist named Zacharias Janssen created the first microscope of it kind and now we have several microscopes that are very important to the study of human biology. The compound microscope is used to view individual cells as well as living cells such as hair. Electron microscopes can be used to view things such as biological tissues and organisms. Also, another popular microscope used in human biology is the stereo microscope, which is commonly used to dissect and examine human tissue. Discussion When studying the â€Å"optics† slide in the interactive section of this lab it displayed image orientation. To display this it took the letter â€Å"e† and showed you the standard view to the naked eye and then it showed you the view through a light microscope and it looked very different. The â€Å"e† was upside down and backwards left while looking down in the microscope. The reason it looked like this was because of the shape and lenses in the microscope. While studying the color threads on the interactive microscope you notice that the colors are red, green, and yellow from top to bottom. The magnification that was useful in helping me determine the order was 400x. This magnification allowed me to see that the yellow color thread was on the bottom and that the green color thread was in the middle. The optical principles that are in play here are perfect lens characteristic and transmitted light microscopy optical pathways. Interpupillary distance is the distance between the centers of the pupils of the two eyes. The way to determine what the interpupillary distance is with a device called a pupil meter. This device presents a binocular subject that can be set from a close viewing distance out to optical infinity. The diopter setting is a control knob on a microscope that helps your eyes view something similar in proper relation instead of allowing each individual eye to view the subject differently. It is necessary to locate an object using the low objective because it allows you to gain a better focus before switching to the high power objective and makes it so you don’t have to make much of an adjustment on the high power objective. Just trying to focus using the high power objective could get very time consuming. Reducing the iris diaphragm aperture on a microscope will clarify an image focused under high power, but it would be letting less light in the field of view. The reason it would clarify the image is because under high power it doesn’t take much light to bring whatever you are viewing into focus due to the strength of the lens. If my lab partner was having problems locating onion cells using a parfocal microscope with the low power objective and just switched to the high power objective I would tell her that this is an incorrect way to bring the onion cells into focus. I would advise her that she would need to continue to bring the onion cell into focus with the low power objective because once you have it in focus with the low power objective you can switch to the high power objective with out making any changes to the focus. I am striving to become a nurse and I believe that in that career field it is extremely important for me to be especially knowledgeable regarding microscopy. While working as a nurse it is going to be extremely important for me to know what microscopes are going to be best to use in certain circumstances. For my career field it is going to be very important to understand how to use a microscope and that goes for knowing how to bring cells into more focus as well as knowing that I need to bring what I am viewing into focus under the low power objective. How to cite Microscopes and Microscopy, Papers

Discussion on Interpersonal Communication-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Describe your earliest memories of "learning " your culture. Do you believe that the event you recall had a significant impact on how you understand culture? Why or why not? 2.One of the cultures to which you belong is college student. Describe some aspect of the college student culture, and give specific examples of how you communicate that you are a college student. 3.Do you consider yourself monochromic or polychromic, and why? Describe a time when your monochromic or polychromic view helped or hindered something you were trying to do. 4.Describe a time in which your use of world mindedness helped to prevent or overcome a problem related to interpersonal communication with someone from another culture. 5.Think of a culture that you consider significantly different from your own. Now imagine the you have been assigned to work on a school project with a person from that culture. How would you put the principles of Communication Accommodation Theory into practice, and what would be the benefit of doing so? Answers: 1.One of my earliest memories of learning culture for me can be described when I attended a marriage ceremony of our family which was somehow different from the marriage which I use to see in my cartoon series. Later I came to know that there are varieties of cultural group which have their own different rituals of performing marriage functions. Yes, the event which I recalled did help me to understand that culture is in variety in this world and with each culture there rises their own significant difference. 2.Being a college student we live in a multicultural society and interact with as many people from different backgrounds. There we respect each people coming from different backgrounds and their views. With teachers we use formal speaking and we are well aware that for any dishonesty we would be punished. On the other hand for any good effort we would be praised. Each student has an unique identification number by which he needs to communicate to his college staff as there are many students they need to handle. For example, college id, roll number can be used to communicate that I am a student. 3.I have considered myself as a polychromic because polychromic people like to do many things at a time (Lindquist, Lane Kaufman, 2015). Similarly, I believe in building long term relations with every one whom I meet. Even balancing all things at a time I take it as a challenge to accomplish happily. I do not mind doing and completing several task at a time. Once my nature of being polychromic helped some of my sisters classmate, where I helped them to complete each of their assignment in one night. It helped them to complete and submit their different topics in the next day at school. It was wonderful helping them with different topics and my ability to handle them all at a time. 4.Once while I was standing in a queue for booking metro tickets and suddenly two old people grabbed my attention because they were continuously asking about an address to people but none were able to help them. It seemed that they were not from our place but instead from other country. Anyways I did not asked but they were speaking in Vietnamese language. I knew because I had one of my friends who used to speak Vietnamese. I had some knowledge about the specific language and then I tried helping them with the address for which they need to take the same metro for which I was waiting. 5.The communication accommodation theory is a way to help others while interaction with the process of convergence and divergence (Dragojevic, Gasiorek Giles, 2015). I consider Korean culture significantly different from my culture. I would first try to learn what language he would be able to speak and understand, if not any then I will help him to understand some of my basic language that he can understand and remember easily. Then I will use the convergence strategy and try to learn his language so that our communication works without much difficulty but will keep in mind that I do not over accommodate. This way our project will be finished and with proper understanding between both of us. This will lead to generate new idea from both the perspective and ability to understand by both of us. It will help me to learn about his culture. References Dragojevic, M., Gasiorek, J., Giles, H. (2015). Communication accommodation theory.The international encyclopedia of interpersonal communication. Lindquist, J. D., Lane, P. M., Kaufman, C. J. (2015). Polychronic Behavior: Conceptually Where are We and What are the Marketing and Consumer Behavior Implications. InProceedings of the 1991 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 27-31). Springer, Cham.